Book Review: The Body Keeps the Score by Bessel van der Kolk

The Body Keeps the Score by Bessel van der Kolk, MD, is a groundbreaking exploration of trauma and its profound impact on both the mind and body. As one of the leading experts in the field of trauma, van der Kolk draws on decades of research and clinical experience to present a holistic understanding of how trauma shapes our lives, and how it can be healed. Written with deep compassion and scientific rigour, the book is essential reading for anyone interested in understanding the long-term effects of traumatic experiences, whether for personal insight, professional development, or simply a desire to better understand human resilience.

Van der Kolk’s primary argument is that trauma is not just a psychological event—it lives in the body as well. When we experience trauma, especially early in life, it can change the way our brain and body function, sometimes leading to chronic emotional and physical health issues. Van der Kolk describes how traumatic experiences can leave a lasting imprint, often leading to difficulties with trust, intimacy, and self-regulation. But most importantly, he underscores the hopeful message that recovery is possible, offering multiple pathways to healing.

One of the key contributions of The Body Keeps the Score is its accessible yet thorough explanation of how trauma affects the brain. Van der Kolk explains how traumatic experiences disrupt normal brain functioning, particularly in areas related to memory, emotional regulation, and the ability to feel safe. He describes how trauma can cause individuals to live in a constant state of hyperarousal, always on alert for danger, or alternately, how it can lead to emotional numbness or dissociation. This insightful exploration of the brain-body connection helps demystify trauma’s impact, offering a clear understanding of why trauma survivors often experience anxiety, depression, flashbacks, or physical health problems.

A standout feature of the book is its holistic approach to healing. Rather than focusing solely on traditional talk therapy, van der Kolk emphasises the importance of body-based therapies and creative methods in trauma recovery. He explores how practices like yoga, mindfulness, EMDR (Eye Movement Desensitisation and Reprocessing), neurofeedback, and even theatre can help trauma survivors reconnect with their bodies and safely process traumatic memories. This emphasis on integrating the body into the healing process is particularly empowering for readers, as it opens up new possibilities for recovery beyond conventional therapeutic methods.

Van der Kolk also delves into the social dimensions of trauma, exploring how societal factors, such as poverty, discrimination, and violence, can compound trauma’s effects. He highlights the importance of community and connection in the healing process, arguing that supportive relationships and safe environments are crucial for recovery. This emphasis on collective healing helps to broaden the scope of trauma treatment, reminding readers that while individual therapy is important, healing can also occur within the context of supportive relationships and communities.

What makes The Body Keeps the Score especially impactful is van der Kolk’s empathetic tone. His writing is compassionate and non-judgmental, offering validation and understanding to trauma survivors. He does not shy away from the pain and complexity of trauma, but he also holds space for hope and resilience. Throughout the book, van der Kolk shares inspiring stories of recovery, demonstrating the profound capacity for healing even after the most devastating experiences. These stories, combined with his vast scientific knowledge, make the book both deeply informative and emotionally engaging.

In addition to its insights into trauma, The Body Keeps the Score is a powerful call to action for the mental health community. Van der Kolk is critical of the over-reliance on medication in treating trauma and advocates for a more comprehensive, patient-centred approach that incorporates a variety of therapeutic modalities. His vision of trauma treatment is one that honours the mind-body connection, respects the individuality of each survivor’s journey, and emphasises the importance of healing relationships.

The Body Keeps the Score is not only a must-read for trauma survivors, therapists, and healthcare professionals, but also for anyone seeking a deeper understanding of how trauma impacts the human experience. It offers readers both knowledge and hope, empowering them with the tools and insight needed to navigate the complexities of trauma and its aftermath.

For those affected by trauma, van der Kolk’s message is clear: while trauma can profoundly shape our lives, it does not have to define us. With the right support, resources, and therapeutic approaches, healing is possible, and life can be lived with a renewed sense of safety, connection, and joy.

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